Sensitivity and Specificity of Urinalysis to Diagnose Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Patients with Urolithiasis at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Hospital
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
Objective: Urolithiasis could be caused by urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI in patients with urolithiasis need to be diagnose and manage as soon as possible. This study was aim to determine the diagnostic value of urinalysis examination to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urolithiasis.Material & method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional study design, comparing one diagnostic tool with the gold standard tool to diagnose UTI. Total samples collected were 186 patients at Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Urine culture and urinalysis were performed in patients with urinalysis and UTI. The results of urine culture and urinalysis were then compared by 2x2 table.Results: The sensitivity results on leukocyte esterase, eritrocyturia, bacteriuria, and nitrite respectively were 82.7%, 57.14%, 37.59%, and 13.53%. The specificity results on nitrite, bacteriuria, eritrocyturia, and leukocyte esterase respectively were 63.26%, 56.60%, 50.94%, and 33.96%. The highest level of accuracy was leukocyte esterase with 68.81% accuracy.Conclusion: This study showed that leukocyte esterase had good sensitivity with an accuracy of 68.81%. Examination of nitrite had the highest specificity compared to the other variables in urinalysis examination.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Urinalysis, urinary tract infection, urolithiasis
Moe OW. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet. 2006; 367: 333–44.
Bryant M, Angell J, Tu H, Goodman M, Pattaras J, Ogan K. Health related quality of life for stone formers. J.Urol. 2012; 188: 436-40.
Rahardjo D, Hamid R. Perkembangan penatalaksanaan batu ginjal di RSCM tahun 1997-2002. J I Bedah lndonesia. 2004; 32(2): 58-63
Heyns CF. Urinary tract infection associated with conditions causing urinary tract obstruction and stasis, excluding urinary tract stones and neuropathic bladder. World.J.Urol. 2012; 30: 77-83.
Jan H, Akbar I, Kamran H, Khan J. Frequency of renal stone disease in patients with urinary tract infection. J.Ayub.Med.Coll.Abbottabad; 2008. p. 60-62.
Perazella MA, Coca SG, Kanbay M, Brewster UC, Parikh CR. 2008. Diagnostic Value of Urinary microscopy for differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patient. Clin.J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 2008; 3: 1615-9.
Harper M, Fowlis G. 2007. Management of urinary tract infections in men. Trends in Urology Gynaecology dan Sexual Health; 2007. p. 30–35. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tre.8/pdf
Gibson K, Toscano J. Urinary tract infection update. Am.J.Clin.Med. 2012; 9(2): 82-86.
Nostrand JDV, Alan MS, Junkins Bartholdi RK. Poor Predictive Ability of Urinalysis and Microscopic Examination to Detect Urinary Tract Infection. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000; 113: 709-13.
Dahlan MS. Penelitian diagnostik: Dasar–dasar teoritis dan aplikasi dengan program SPSS dan Stata. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2009.
Vijaya T, Kumar MS, Ramarao NV, Babu AN, Ramarao N. Batu saluran kemih and Its Causes—Short Review. J. Phytopharmacol. 2013; 2(3): 1-6.
Arampatzis S, Lindner G, Irmak F, Funk GC, Zimmermann H, Exadaktylos AK. Geriatric batu saluran kemih in the emergency department: risk factors for hospitalisation and emergency management patterns of acute batu saluran kemih. BMC Nephrology. 2012; 13: 117.
Kohri K, Ishikawa Y, Katoh Y, Kataoka K, Iguchi M, Yachiku S, et al. Epidemiology of urinary tract stones in the elderly. Int Urol Nephrol. 1991; 23(5): 413-21.
Gradwohl SE, Bettcher CM, Chenoweth CE, Harrison R, Zoschnick LN. Urinary Tract Infection Guideline. UMHS; 2011.
Schulz T, Machado MJ, Treitinger A, Flamoncini A, Niederauer LMO. 2014. Risk associated with dipstick urinalysis for diagnosing urinary tract infection. Pinnacle Biochem.Res. 2014; 1(1): 1-6.
Santos JC, Weber LP, Perez LRR. Evaluation of Urinalysis Parameters to Predict Urinary-Tract Infection. Brazilian J. Infectious Diseases. 2007; 11(5): 479-81.
Lerma EV. Urinalysis. In: Medscape: Drug and Diseases; 2015. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2074001-overview
Othman S, Chia YC, Jenn C. Accuracy of urinalysis in detection of urinary tract infection in a primary care setting. Asia Pacific Family Medicine. 2003; 2: 206-12.